What's the difference between ADD and ADHD?

Let's clear things up

First of all, ADD and ADHD actually refer to the same condition. “ADD” stands for “Attention Deficit Disorder”, which was its previous name before it was changed to “ADHD” in 1987.

That definition was further revised in the 1990's to include three subtypes of ADHD: predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI), hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI), and combined (ADHD-C). As confusing as that sounds, it’s actually still an upgrade on what was used in 1968: “Hyperkinetic Reaction of Childhood”. Nowadays, when people say “ADD”, they are usually referring to the inattentive type of ADHD. However, clinical use of this term has been almost entirely phased out — it’s all ADHD these days.

So, how is "ADD" different from ADHD?

“ADD”, or predominantly inattentive ADHD, typically causes problems with organization and concentration. This type is not always as obvious as hyperactive ADHD, and symptoms usually appear in a person’s work or school life.

Inattentive ADHD symptoms

Someone with inattentive ADHD may have trouble keeping their focus on their work, becoming easily distracted and often making careless mistakes. Other symptoms include:

• Struggles with following instructions
• Difficulty completing tasks at school/work
• Seems like they’re not listening when spoken to
• Has trouble with organization
• Often hesitant to complete tasks that demand a great amount of mental effort
• Loses things often (particularly necessary items for school/work)
• Forgets things frequently

Hyperactive ADHD symptoms

Alternatively, the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD is typically easier to spot. It is characterized by restlessness, high energy levels, and impulsivity. A person with this type of ADHD may show some or all of the following symptoms:

• Frequent fidgeting or squirming, particularly when seated
• Can’t seem to remain seated when required
• Frequent running or climbing during inappropriate times
• Seems to be unable to take part in recreational activities quietly
• Is often “on the go”
• Excessive talking
• Blurts out answers to questions before the speaker is complete
• Has difficulty with patience or waiting their turn
• Frequently interrupts/intrudes on others conversations or activities

Which terminology will you use?

Some people with ADHD find that their symptoms reflect a mix from both the inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive types — leading to a diagnosis of combined type ADHD. This is the most common presentation of ADHD.

While ADHD has these distinct subtypes or presentations, people with ADHD can show any number or combination of these symptoms throughout their lifetime. As for the terminology, "ADHD" is the official name - but depending on your diagnosis, maybe you feel “ADD” suits you better.